Highlights
- •Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and caregiver burden is studied in Parkinson's disease (PD).
- •PD patients with dementia experience more NPS, a fact adding extra burden to caregivers.
- •NPS were the main determinant of caregiver burden, both in PD patients with and without dementia.
Abstract
Introduction
In Parkinson's disease (PD), neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) can be particularly burdensome
for caregivers. The main goal of this study was to assess the impact of NPS, assessed
by means of a new specific scale, on caregiver burden.
Methods
A sample of 584 pairs of PD patients and their primary caregivers was studied. Patients'
NPS were measured with the Scale for Evaluation of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in PD
(SEND-PD), and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory was used to quantify caregiver
burden. Three linear regression models were built to check factors associated with
caregiver burden, one for the total sample and two for subgroups stratified by the
presence of dementia.
Results
The most frequent NPS were depression (in 66% of the sample), anxiety (65%) and mental
fatigue (57%). Patients with dementia (n = 94; 16% of sample) consistently presented
more NPS than patients without dementia (p < 0.001). On linear regression models,
the main determinants of caregiver burden (for the total sample and the sample of
patients without dementia) were SEND-PD dimensions mood/apathy and psychosis, PD-related
disability and disease duration. For patients with dementia, the only significant
caregiver burden determinants were SEND-PD psychosis and mood/apathy subscale scores.
Conclusions
NPS in PD are highly associated with and are determinants of caregiver burden, and
are more prevalent and burdensome in patients with dementia. Detailed assessment and
specific interventions aimed at NPS could alleviate caregiver burden.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Parkinsonism & Related DisordersAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Stress and family functioning among caregivers of persons with Parkinson's disease.Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 1999; 5: 69-75
- Caregiver burden in Parkinson's disease.Mov Disord. 2007; 22: 924-931
- Parkinson disease subtypes.JAMA Neurol. 2014; 71: 499-504
- Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease.Mov Disord. 2009; 24: 2175-2186
- Psychosis in Parkinson's disease without dementia: common and comorbid with other non-motor symptoms.Mov Disord. 2012; 27: 858-863
- Psychopathological features in patients with Parkinson's disease and related caregivers' burden.Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009; 24: 1158-1165
- A 12-year population-based study of psychosis in Parkinson disease.Arch Neurol. 2010; 67: 996-1001
- Parkinson's disease: the quintessential neuropsychiatric disorder.Mov Disord. 2011; 26: 1022-1031
- Caregiver-burden in Parkinson's disease is closely associated with psychiatric symptoms, falls, and disability.Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2006; 12: 35-41
- Longitudinal outcome of Parkinson's disease patients with psychosis.Neurology. 2003; 60: 1756-1761
- Psychosis in nursing home patients with Parkinson's disease.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2004; 5: 167-173
- A short scale for evaluation of neuropsychiatric disorders in Parkinson's disease: first psychometric approach.J Neurol. 2012; 259: 2299-2308
- Parkinson's disease.Lancet. 2009; 373: 2055-2066
- Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality.Neurology. 1967; 17: 427-442
- Global versus factor-related impression of severity in Parkinson's disease: a new clinimetric index (CISI-PD).Mov Disord. 2006; 21: 208-214
- A short scale for the assessment of motor impairments and disabilities in Parkinson's disease: the SPES/SCOPA.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 2004; 75: 388-395
- “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician.J Psychiatr Res. 1975; 12: 189-198
- Diagnostic procedures for Parkinson's disease dementia: recommendations from the movement disorder society task force.Mov Disord. 2007; 22: 2314-2324
- Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden.Gerontologist. 1980; 20: 649-655
- Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson's disease.Mov Disord. 2010; 25: 2649-2653
- A comparison of health utility measures for the evaluation of multiple sclerosis treatments.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 2005; 76: 58-63
- What impacts on the stress symptoms of Parkinson's carers? results from the Parkinson's UK members' survey.Disabil Rehabil. 2014; 36: 199-204
- Cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease: impact on quality of life, disability, and caregiver burden.J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2012; 25: 208-214
- Dementia associated with Parkinson's disease: applying the Movement Disorder Society task force criteria.Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2011; 17: 621-624
- Carer burden in apathy and impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease.Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012; 27: 160-166
- Trial of CBT for impulse control behaviors affecting Parkinson patients and their caregivers.Neurology. 2013; 80: 792-799
- The impact of the nocturnal disabilities of Parkinson's disease on caregivers' burden: implications for interventions.J Neural Transm. 2014; 121: S15-S24
- Quality of life and burden in caregivers for patients with Parkinson's disease: concepts, assessment and related factors.Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2012; 12: 221-230
- Quality of life in Parkinson's disease caregivers: the contribution of personality traits.Biomed Res Int. 2013; 2013: 151872
- Caregiving for Parkinson's disease patients: an exploration of a stress-appraisal model for quality of life and burden.J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2008; 63: 372-376
Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 09, 2015
Accepted:
March 24,
2015
Received in revised form:
March 16,
2015
Received:
November 7,
2014
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
