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Research Article| Volume 56, P33-40, November 2018

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Axial motor clues to identify atypical parkinsonism: A multicentre European cohort study

      Highlights

      • Postural instability is more common in atypical parkinsonism than Parkinson's disease.
      • Tandem gait performance discriminates between atypical parkinsonism and PD.
      • Combining the tandem gait, TUG-test and retropulsion test could improve sensitivity and speed up clinical examination.

      Abstract

      Objective

      Differentiating Parkinson's disease (PD) from atypical parkinsonian disorders (APD) such as Multiple System Atrophy, parkinsonian type (MSA-p) or Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP-RS) can be challenging. Early signs of postural Instability and gait disability (PIGD) are considered clues that may signal presence of APD. However, it remains unknown which PIGD test – or combination of tests – can best distinguish PD from APD. We evaluated the discriminative value of several widely-used PIGD tests, and aimed to develop a short PIGD evaluation that can discriminate parkinsonian disorders.

      Methods

      In this multicentre cohort study patients were recruited by 11 European MSA Study sites. Patients were diagnosed using standardized criteria. Postural instability and gait disability was evaluated using interviews and several clinical tests.

      Results

      Nineteen PD, 21 MSA-p and 25 PSP-RS patients were recruited. PIGD was more common in APD compared to PD. There was no significant difference in axial symptoms between PSP-RS and MSA-p, except for self-reported falls (more frequent in PSP-RS patients). The test with the greatest discriminative power to distinguish APD from PD was the ability to perform tandem gait (AUC 0.83; 95% CI 71–94; p < 0.001), followed by the retropulsion test (AUC 0.8; 95% CI 0.69–0.91; p < 0.001) and timed-up-and-go test (TUG) (AUC 0.77; 95% CI 0.64–0.9; p = 0.001). The combination of these three tests yielded highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.96; 95% CI 0.92–1.0; p < 0.001).

      Conclusions

      Our study suggests that simple “bedside” PIGD tests – particularly the combination of tandem gait performance, TUG and retropulsion test – can discriminate APD from PD.

      Keywords

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